ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½, ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½, ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½, ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½
ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½. ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½, ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ 4 ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ 6 ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½-header ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½
ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½.
******************
ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½:
ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ - bit
ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ - byte
ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ - packet
******************
ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½
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ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½, ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½, ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ IP (Internet Protocol)? ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½, ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½. ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½, ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ TCP/IP
ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½, ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½.
ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½, ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½, ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½.
ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½? ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½, ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½
ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½, ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½,
ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½. ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol), ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½.
ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½. ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½.
ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ 4 ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ 6
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ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ 4. ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ 30 ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½-ARPAnet ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½-UUCP (Unix to Unix Copy Program)
ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½TCP/IP, ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½, ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ 4,294,967,296 ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½, ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½,
ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½, ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½
ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½: ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ 6 ( ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ - IP Next Generation ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ - IPng).
ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ 6 ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ 4 ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½4,294,967,296 ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ 4, ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ 340 ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ (340 ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ 10 ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ 38), ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½
ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ - 340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,456 ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½.
ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ 665,570,793,348,866,943,898,599 ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ 6 ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½!!! (ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ 511,263,971,197,990
ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½, 10,000 ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ :-) .
ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½, ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ 4 ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ 30 ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½. ן¿½"ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ 8.
ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ 4
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ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½, ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½TCP/IP ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½"ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½" ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½.
ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ 8 ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ (ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½) ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½, ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½:
194.233.34.158
ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ 1 = 8 ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ (bit) ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ 32 ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ 4,294,967,296 ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½.
ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½0 ן¿½ן¿½ 255
ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½3 ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ (class):
Class A
255.0.0.0
ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ 50% ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½.
Class B
255.255.0.0
ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ 25% ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½.
Class C
ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ 12.5% ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½.
ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ 4 ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½?
ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ - ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½-65,536 (Class B) ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ Class A (ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ A ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½16 ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½)
ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½255 ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ B, ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½...
ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ - ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½, ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½
ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½, ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½!
ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½, ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½.
ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ 6
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ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ 6 ן¿½ן¿½ 128 ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ (bits) ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ 4
ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½:
x:x:x:x:x:x:x:x
ן¿½ן¿½ X ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ 16 ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ (ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ 4) ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½
ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ 6 ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½:
FC4B:29C4:7EA9:88BD:916E:FBA7:6D4C:3790
ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ 4.
ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½128 ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ 340 ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ (ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½).
ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½, ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½:
0000:0000:0000:0000:73F0:0064:02C1:000D
ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½:
::::73F0:64:2C1:D
ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ 6 ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½.
ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½, ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½, Service Pack 1 ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ 6.
ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½-ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ 9, ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ 9, ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ 9.1 ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½' ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½.
ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ (ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½) ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½- www.IPv6.org
ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ BSD ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ 6 ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ BSD.
ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ 6 ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ 6, ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ 4. ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½.
ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ 6:
Q: ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ bits?
A: ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½....ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ "ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½" ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½.
Q: ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½?
A: ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ - ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ DHCP
Q: ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ 64 bits?
A: ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½, ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ 5, ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ 4.
Q:ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ IP4 ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ IP6 ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½IP4?
A: ן¿½ן¿½, ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½
ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ IPv6 ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ IPv4 ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½.
Q: ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ (ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ IPv4) ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½? (ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ IPv4)? ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½, ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½, ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½...
ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½?
A: ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½, ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½.....ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ :\, ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½.
Q: ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ 6 ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½?
A: ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½, ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ 6 ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½, ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½-www.ipv6.org, ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½.
ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ 4 ן¿½-6 ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½.
ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ 4 - Header
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ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ haeder? ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ packets, ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ (ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½, ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½
ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½), ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½, ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½'... ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½-header, ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½
ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½. ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½:
|00|01|02|03|04|05|06|07|08|09|10|11|12|13|14|15|16|17|18|19|20|21|22|23|24|25|26|27|28|29|30|31| <- 32 Bits
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
| | | | | |00|
| Version | Length | Type Of Service | Total Length | |01|
| | | | | |02|
|___________|___________|_______________________|_______________________________________________| |03|
| | | | |04|
| Identification | Flags | Fragment Offset | |05|
| | | | |06|
|_______________________________________________|________|______________________________________| |07|
| | | | |08|
| Time To Live | Protocol | Header Checksum | |09| <- 20 Bytes
| | | | |10|
|_______________________|_______________________|_______________________________________________| |11|
| | |12|
| Source Address | |13|
| | |14|
|_______________________________________________________________________________________________| |15|
| | |16|
| Destination Address | |17|
| | |18|
|_______________________________________________________________________________________________| |19|
| |
| Options |
| |
|_______________________________________________________________________________________________|
| |
| Options |
| |
|_______________________________________________________________________________________________|
| |
| Data |
| |
|_______________________________________________________________________________________________|
The options is not always a part of the IPv4 header
ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½-header ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½, ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ (bits) ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½, ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½. ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½-header.
Version
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ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ 4 ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ (bits) ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ (32 ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½), ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½, ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ 0100, ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ 4 ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ (ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½
ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½, ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ 10), ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ 4.
IHL - Internet Header Length
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ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ 4 ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½, ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½-header (ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ - ן¿½-Data!), ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½
(ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ Options) ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½, ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ 4.
ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ 0101 ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ 5, ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½4, ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ 20, ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½-header ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ (bytes 20).
ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ 1111 ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ 15, ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½4 ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ 60 (ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ header ן¿½ן¿½ 60 bytes).
TOS - Type of Service
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ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½, ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ "ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½" ן¿½ן¿½. ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½
ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½, ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½.
ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ 8 ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½, ן¿½8 ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½6 ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½:
|00 |01 |02 |03 |04 |05 |06 |07 |
_______________________________
|Precedence | D | T | R | 0 | 0 |
|___________|___|___|___|___|___|
ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½:
ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ 0-2 - Precedence. ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½:
111 - Network Control
110 - Internetwork Control
101 - CRITIC/ECP
100 - Flash Override
011 - Flash
010 - Immediate
001 - Priority
000 - Routine
ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ 3 - 0 = Normal delay
1 = Low delay
ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ 4 - 0 = Normal throughput
1 = High throughput
ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ 5 - 0 = Normal relibility
1 = High relibility
ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ 6-7 - ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ (ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½), ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ 0.
ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ TOS ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½/ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½, ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½'...
Total Length
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ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ 16 ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½. ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½, ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½-header ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ (ן¿½-Data)
ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½576 bytes, ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ (576 bytes ן¿½ן¿½
ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½) ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½.
ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ 576? ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ "ן¿½ן¿½" ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½. ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½: ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ header ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ - 64 ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½, ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ data ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ - 512, ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½
ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ 576.
Identification
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ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ 16 ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½. ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ (ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½). ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½
ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½? ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½. ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½
ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½, ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½.
Flags
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ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ (ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ Fragments).
ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ 3 ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½. ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½, ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½.
ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ - ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ (ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½...), ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ 0, ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ MBZ - Must Be Zero (ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ 6 ן¿½7 ן¿½-TOS).
ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ - 0 ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ (ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½576 ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½), 1 ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ (ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½576 ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½).
ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ - 0 ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ (ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½), 1 ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½.
Fragment Offset
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13 ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½. ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½, ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½. ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ - 0, ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ - 1 ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½...
ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ - 1111111111111 (8192 ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½). ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½4194304 ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ (ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ -
512 ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ 8192 ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½) ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ 4 ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½.
TTL - Time To Live
------------------------------------------------------
8 ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½. ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ "ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½" ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½, ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½. ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½
ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ 0 ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½, ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ 0 (ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½, ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½
ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½). ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½/ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½/ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½.
Protocol
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8 ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½. ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½. ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½:
00000001 1 ICMP Internet Contol Message Protocol
00000010 2 IGMP Internet Group Management Protocol
00000011 3 GGP Gateway-to-Gateway Protocol
00000101 5 ST Stream
00000110 6 TCP Transmission Control Protocol
00000111 7 UCL UCL
00001000 8 EGP External Gateway Protocol
00001001 9 IGP Interior Gateway Protocol
00001010 10 BNN-RCC-MON BBN RCC Monitoring
00001011 11 NVP-II Network Voice Protocol
00001100 12 PUP PUP
00001101 13 ARGUS ARGUS
00001110 14 EMCON EMCON
00001111 15 XNET Cross Net Debugger
00010000 16 CHAOS Chaos
00010001 17 UDP User Datagram Protocol
00010010 18 MUX Multiplexing
00010011 19 DCN-MEAS DCN Measurement Subsystems
00010100 20 HMP Host Monitoring Protocol
00010101 21 PRM Packet Radio Measurement
00010110 22 XNS-IDP XEROX NS IDP
00010111 23 TRUNK-1 Trunk 1
00011000 24 TRUNK-2 Trunk 2
00011001 25 LEAF-1 Leaf 1
00011010 26 LEAF-2 Leaf 2
00011011 27 RDP Reliable Data Prococol
00011100 28 IRTP Internet Reliable Transaction
00011101 29 ISO-TP4 ISO Transport Protocol Class 4
00011110 30 NETBLT Bulk Data Transfer Protocol
00011111 31 MFE-NSP MFE Network Services Protocol
00100000 32 MERIT-INP MERIT Internodal Protocol
00100001 33 SEP Sequential Exchange Protocol
00111110 62 CFTP CFTP
01000000 64 SAT-EXPAK SATNET and backroom EXPAK
01000001 65 MIT-SUBNET MIT subnet support
01000010 66 RVD MIT Remote Virtual Disk Protocol
01000011 67 IPPC Internet Pluribus Packet Core
01000101 69 SAT-MON SATNET Monitoring
01000111 71 IPCV Internet Packet Core Utility
01001100 76 BR-SAT-MON Backroom SATNET Monitoring
01001110 78 WB-MON WIDEBAND Monitoring
01001111 79 WB-EXPAK WIDEBAND EXPAK
Header Checksum
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16 ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½. ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½-header, ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ (ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½- TTL) ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½.
ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½-header checksum:
unsigned short CalculateChecksum(
const unsigned short *usBuf,
int iSize
) {
unsigned long usChksum=0;
while (iSize>1)
{
usChksum += *usBuf++;
iSize -= sizeof(unsigned short);
}
if (iSize) usChksum += *(unsigned char*)usBuf;
usChksum = (usChksum >> 0x10) + (usChksum & 0xffff);
usChksum += (usChksum >> 0x10);
return (unsigned short)(~usChksum);
}
Source IP Address
------------------------------------------------------
ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½. ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ 32 ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½, ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ 4 ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ 32 ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½.
Destination IP Address
------------------------------------------------------
ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½. ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ 32 ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½.
ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½: ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ 212.199.220.168
212 ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ > 11010100
199 > 11000111
220 > 11011100
168 > 10101000
ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ -
212.199.220.168 > 10101000110111001100011111010100
ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ 4 (32 ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½) ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½
Options
------------------------------------------------------
ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½. ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½. ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½, ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ :-)
ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ 6 - Header
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ן¿½-header ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ 6 ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ 4, ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½-IPv4 header
ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ IPv6 Header:
|00|01|02|03|04|05|06|07|08|09|10|11|12|13|14|15|16|17|18|19|20|21|22|23|24|25|26|27|28|29|30|31| <- 32 Bits
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
| | | |
| Version | Traffic Class | Flow Label |
| | | |
|___________|_______________________|___________________________________________________________|
| | | |
| Payload Length | Next Header | Hop Limit |
| | | |
|_______________________________________________|_______________________|_______________________|
|__ __|
|__ Source Address __|
|__ __|
|_______________________________________________________________________________________________|
|__ __|
|__ Destination Address __|
|__ __|
|_______________________________________________________________________________________________|
Version
------------------------------------------------------
4 ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½. ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½, ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ 0110 (6 ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½).
Traffic Class
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8 ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½. ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½TOS ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ 4.
Flow Label
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20 ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½. ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½Identification ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ 4, ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ Fragments ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½, ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½
ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ (ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ Fragment Offset ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ 4). ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½!
Payload Length
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16 ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½. ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ (ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½-header ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½), ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ extension headers (ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ 6).
Next Header
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8 ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½. ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ Protocol ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ 4. ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½.
Hop Limit
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8 ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½. ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ TTL ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ 4. ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ (hop) ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ (ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½/ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½/ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½'..)
ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½. ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½, ן¿½ן¿½ hop ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½. ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½-0
ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½.
Source Address
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128 ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½. ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ (ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ 6). ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ 128 ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ header ן¿½ן¿½ 32 ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½? ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½4 ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½.
Destination Address
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128 ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½. ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½.
Extension Headers
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ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ headers ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½. ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½. ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½.
ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½. ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½, ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½... ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½, ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½.
ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ ן¿½ן¿½ן¿½ Trancer
BinaryVision @ binaryvision.tech.nu